NCERT Solution class 9 Health and Physical Education Chapter-11 Diet for Healthy Living
Answer the following questions
Q. 1. Define the terms nutrition and nutrients.
Answer:-
Definition of Nutrition and Nutrients
- Nutrition – Nutrition refers to the process by which the body obtains and utilizes food for growth, energy, and overall health. It involves the intake of essential substances that support bodily functions and maintain well-being.
- Nutrients – Nutrients are the components of food that provide nourishment to the body. They include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, all of which are necessary for proper growth and development.
These concepts are fundamental to understanding a balanced diet and healthy living.
Q. 2. List the various constituents of food and mention their function in the body.
Answer:-
Various Constituents of Food and Their Functions
Food contains essential nutrients that support bodily functions and overall health. The key constituents of food and their roles are:
| Constituent | Function in the Body |
|---|---|
| Carbohydrates | Provide energy for daily activities and bodily functions. |
| Proteins | Help in growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues. |
| Fats | Serve as a concentrated energy source and support cell function. |
| Vitamins | Regulate body processes and enhance immunity. |
| Minerals | Strengthen bones, teeth, and support metabolic functions. |
| Water | Maintains hydration, aids digestion, and regulates body temperature. |
| Fiber | Improves digestion and prevents constipation. |
A balanced diet ensures the proper intake of these nutrients for a healthy lifestyle.
Q. 3. Why is it important to recommend special diet forpregnant and lactating women and sport persons.
Answer:-
Importance of Special Diet for Pregnant and Lactating Women and Sportspersons
A special diet is essential for pregnant and lactating women as well as sportspersons to meet their unique nutritional needs and maintain overall health.
1. Pregnant and Lactating Women
- Supports Fetal Growth – Provides essential nutrients like folic acid, iron, calcium, and protein for the healthy development of the baby.
- Enhances Maternal Health – Ensures adequate energy levels and prevents deficiencies that may affect both mother and child.
- Promotes Milk Production – A balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals helps in sufficient milk secretion for the newborn.
2. Sportspersons
- Boosts Energy and Stamina – Carbohydrates and proteins provide the necessary fuel for physical activities.
- Aids Muscle Recovery – Protein-rich foods help in muscle repair and growth after intense training.
- Maintains Hydration and Electrolyte Balance – Proper intake of water, sodium, and potassium prevents dehydration and fatigue.
A well-planned diet ensures optimal health, performance, and recovery for both groups.
Q. 4. Why is water considered a necessary constituent of the diet?
Answer:-
Importance of Water as a Necessary Constituent of the Diet
Water is an essential component of the diet as it plays a vital role in maintaining overall health and bodily functions.
Key Reasons Why Water is Necessary:
- Regulates Body Temperature – Helps in cooling the body through sweating and prevents overheating.
- Aids Digestion – Assists in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients efficiently.
- Removes Toxins – Flushes out waste products through urine and sweat, keeping the body clean.
- Maintains Hydration – Prevents dehydration, which can lead to fatigue and dizziness.
- Supports Circulation – Ensures proper blood flow and oxygen transport throughout the body.
Water is crucial for sustaining life and maintaining good health.
Q. 5. List the nutritional disorders and state one characteristic of each.
Answer:-
Nutritional Disorders and Their Characteristics
Nutritional disorders occur due to deficiencies or excesses of essential nutrients in the body. Here are some common disorders and their key characteristics:
| Nutritional Disorder | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Malnutrition | Lack of essential nutrients, leading to weakness and stunted growth. |
| Obesity | Excessive fat accumulation, increasing the risk of heart disease and diabetes. |
| Kwashiorkor | Protein deficiency causing swelling, skin issues, and growth retardation. |
| Marasmus | Severe calorie deficiency leading to extreme thinness and muscle wasting. |
| Rickets | Vitamin D deficiency causing weak and deformed bones. |
| Scurvy | Vitamin C deficiency leading to bleeding gums and fatigue. |
| Anemia | Iron deficiency causing fatigue, pale skin, and weakness. |
| Goiter | Iodine deficiency resulting in thyroid gland enlargement. |
A balanced diet helps prevent these disorders and ensures overall health.
Fill in the blanks
(i) Vitamin A is a …………….soluble Vitamin.
(ii) Vitamin C is a …………….soluble Vitamin.
(iii) ……………………… diet contains adequate proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins.
(iv) Yogic diet consists of natural ……..items.
(v) BMI can be assessed by……………………
Answer:-
Here are the correct answers:
(i) Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin.
(ii) Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin.
(iii) Balanced diet contains adequate proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins.
(iv) Yogic diet consists of natural food items.
(v) BMI can be assessed by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (kg/m²).
Tick (✅) mark either Yes/No.
(i) Water is a nutrient which makes up almost 70 per cent body weight. (Yes/No)
(ii) One should consume 6 – 8 glasses of water every day. (Yes/No)
(iii) Over-nutrition leads to obesity. (Yes/No)
(iv) Wheat and vegetables are the source of vitamin E. (Yes/No)
(v) Milk and milk products are the source of calcium. (Yes/No)
Answer:-
Here are the correct answers:
(i) No – Water is essential for life, but it is not classified as a nutrient like carbohydrates, proteins, or vitamins. It makes up about 50-70% of body weight.
(ii) Yes – Drinking 6–8 glasses of water daily helps maintain hydration and supports bodily functions.
(iii) Yes – Over-nutrition, especially excessive intake of fats and carbohydrates, can lead to obesity.
(iv) No – Wheat is not a significant source of vitamin E, but some vegetables like spinach and nuts contain it.
(v) Yes – Milk and milk products are rich sources of calcium, essential for strong bones and teeth.