NCERT Solution class 9 Health and Physical Education Chapter – 2 Growing up with Confidence
Answer the following questions
Q. 1. Give at least one difference between
(a) Growth and development ……………………………………….
(b) Development and maturation …………………………………
Answer:-
Here are the differences:
(a) Growth vs. Development
- Growth refers to the increase in size, height, and weight of an individual. It is a quantitative change.
- Development refers to the overall improvement in abilities, skills, and maturity of an individual. It includes both qualitative and quantitative aspects.
(b) Development vs. Maturation
- Development is a continuous process that involves physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes throughout life.
- Maturation is the biological process of reaching a fully developed state, often determined by genetics and age.
These distinctions highlight how human growth and progress involve multiple factors beyond just physical changes.
Q. 2. Given below are nine statements. Categorise them into events of Growth (G), Development (D) and Maturation (M).
(a) A baby on seeing his mother begins to utter the word “MA”.
(b) The testis begins to produce sperms.
(c) The fetal heart begins to beat.
(d) A plant observed in the garden a few months ago is now a shrub.
(e) The baby starts walking without support.
(f) Aruna has reached menarche.
(g) Mary can no longer fit into her shoes that were bought for her last year.
(h) Haneef needs to shave everyday this year before going to school.
(i) In 2007, Dhruv was only 5 feet tall. On his 14th birthday, his height is 5 feet 10 inches.
Answer:-
Here is the categorization of the given statements into Growth (G), Development (D), and Maturation (M):
| Statement | Category |
|---|---|
| (a) A baby on seeing his mother begins to utter the word “MA”. | Development (D) – Involves cognitive and language skills. |
| (b) The testis begins to produce sperms. | Maturation (M) – Indicates biological maturity. |
| (c) The fetal heart begins to beat. | Maturation (M) – A physiological process marking growth in the womb. |
| (d) A plant observed in the garden a few months ago is now a shrub. | Growth (G) – Increase in physical size. |
| (e) The baby starts walking without support. | Development (D) – Involves motor skills and coordination. |
| (f) Aruna has reached menarche. | Maturation (M) – Represents puberty and reproductive maturity. |
| (g) Mary can no longer fit into her shoes that were bought for her last year. | Growth (G) – Physical increase in foot size. |
| (h) Haneef needs to shave every day this year before going to school. | Maturation (M) – Indicates puberty-related changes. |
| (i) In 2007, Dhruv was only 5 feet tall. On his 14th birthday, his height is 5 feet 10 inches. | Growth (G) – Increase in height over time. |
This classification highlights how different biological and cognitive processes contribute to overall human development. Let me know if you need any modifications!
Q. 3. List factors that affect growth.
Answer:-
Several factors influence the growth of an individual. These factors can be broadly categorized into internal (biological) and external (environmental) factors.
Internal Factors
- Genetics
- Hereditary traits determine height, body structure, and metabolism.
- Genetic disorders can impact physical growth.
- Hormonal Balance
- Growth hormones (GH) play a crucial role in regulating height and body mass.
- Thyroid hormones affect metabolism and overall development.
- Nutritional Status
- Adequate intake of proteins, vitamins, and minerals is essential for healthy growth.
- Malnutrition can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays.
- Health and Immunity
- Frequent illnesses, infections, or chronic diseases can negatively affect growth.
- A strong immune system helps in proper physical and mental development.
External Factors
- Environment and Living Conditions
- Clean air, water, and a pollution-free atmosphere support healthy growth.
- Exposure to toxins and poor sanitation can hinder development.
- Diet and Lifestyle
- A balanced diet promotes proper growth, while junk food affects metabolism negatively.
- Regular exercise enhances muscle and bone development.
- Psychological and Emotional Well-being
- Stress, anxiety, and emotional trauma can impact growth patterns.
- A supportive family and social environment aid in mental and physical development.
- Socioeconomic Conditions
- Access to healthcare, education, and nutrition determines growth quality.
- Poverty and lack of medical care may limit growth potential.
- Cultural and Parental Influence
- Family beliefs and traditions influence lifestyle choices, impacting growth.
- Proper parental care and guidance ensure holistic development.
By ensuring a balanced diet, proper healthcare, and a supportive environment, optimal growth can be achieved. Let me know if you need more details!
Q. 4. The teenager should take nutritious diet, because…………
Answer:-
A teenager should take a nutritious diet because it plays a crucial role in physical growth, brain development, and overall health. Here are the key reasons:
1. Supports Growth and Development
- Adolescence is a period of rapid growth, and a balanced diet ensures proper bone and muscle development.
- Nutrients like calcium, protein, and vitamins help in reaching optimal height and body structure.
2. Enhances Brain Function
- A healthy diet improves memory, concentration, and cognitive abilities, which are essential for academic success.
- Omega-3 fatty acids, iron, and antioxidants aid in brain function and reduce stress.
3. Strengthens Immunity
- Proper nutrition boosts the body’s defense mechanism against infections and diseases.
- Vitamins C and D, zinc, and proteins help in building a strong immune system.
4. Prevents Lifestyle Diseases
- Nutritious food prevents obesity, diabetes, heart diseases, and other health issues caused by poor eating habits.
- Avoiding junk food and sugary drinks helps in maintaining a healthy weight and metabolism.
5. Improves Energy Levels and Fitness
- A balanced diet provides essential energy for daily activities, sports, and physical exercises.
- Carbohydrates, healthy fats, and proteins ensure stamina and endurance.
6. Regulates Hormonal Changes
- Adolescence brings hormonal changes, and a nutritious diet maintains hormonal balance, reducing acne, mood swings, and fatigue.
By following a healthy, balanced diet, teenagers can maintain physical fitness, mental well-being, and long-term health.
Q. 5. Arun is worried because he is not as tall as others in his class. How will you dispel such unnecessary anxiety?
Answer:-
Arun’s anxiety about his height can be addressed with reassurance and factual understanding. Here’s how I would help:
1. Understanding Growth Variations
- Everyone grows at a different pace, and height is influenced by genetics, nutrition, and overall health.
- Puberty can continue until the late teens, meaning growth may still happen.
2. Encouraging Healthy Habits
- A balanced diet rich in calcium, protein, and vitamins supports optimal growth.
- Regular exercise like stretching, swimming, and yoga helps with posture and muscle development.
3. Shifting the Focus to Strengths
- Height does not define a person’s abilities or success. Encouraging self-confidence, skills, and talents can help Arun feel valued beyond physical appearance.
- Many accomplished individuals have thrived regardless of their height.
4. Managing Anxiety Positively
- Discussing concerns with family or friends can help alleviate stress.
- Practicing self-acceptance and positive thinking builds emotional resilience.
Height differences are natural, and emphasizing healthy growth, self-confidence, and personal strengths can help Arun overcome unnecessary anxiety.
Q. 6. Prepare a worksheet writing the response in following things.
(a) Who all would you include as a support system in case of any problem to be sexual harassment? Think of both people and institutions.
(b) Why have you included them people/institutions as a safety net?
Q. 7. Why is psychological security necessary for a growing adolescent?
Answer:-
Psychological security is essential for adolescents as they undergo significant physical, emotional, and social changes. Here’s why it is necessary:
1. Supports Emotional Well-being
- Helps in managing stress, anxiety, and mood swings during puberty.
- Encourages self-confidence and positive self-image, preventing feelings of isolation or insecurity.
2. Enhances Cognitive Development
- A secure and supportive environment fosters better decision-making and problem-solving skills.
- Reduces the risk of negative thinking patterns and enhances mental resilience.
3. Strengthens Social Interactions
- Adolescents with psychological security form healthy relationships with peers, family, and teachers.
- Reduces fear of rejection and promotes social adaptability.
4. Prevents Risky Behaviors
- Lack of security may lead to substance abuse, aggression, or withdrawal.
- A positive support system helps adolescents avoid harmful influences and develop constructive coping mechanisms.
5. Builds a Strong Foundation for Future Well-being
- Mental stability in adolescence lays the foundation for healthy adulthood and emotional intelligence.
- Encourages goal-setting, self-motivation, and a sense of purpose in life.
Providing adolescents with guidance, emotional support, and a safe environment ensures their holistic development and well-being.
Q. 8. “Communication between parent and the adolescent child is critical for his/her health.” Why?
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
Answer:-
Effective communication between parents and adolescents is essential for their overall physical, emotional, and social well-being. Here’s why:
1. Supports Mental and Emotional Health
- Open conversations reduce stress, anxiety, and emotional distress, ensuring adolescents feel heard and valued.
- Helps in building confidence and self-esteem, preventing issues like depression and loneliness.
2. Guides Healthy Decision-Making
- Adolescents face challenges related to peer pressure, risky behaviors, and life choices; parental guidance helps them make responsible decisions.
- Provides clarity on topics like nutrition, hygiene, relationships, and substance abuse, promoting healthier choices.
3. Strengthens Family Bonds
- Regular communication fosters trust and understanding, creating a supportive environment at home.
- Reduces conflicts and misunderstandings between parents and children.
4. Helps Adolescents Handle Stress and Changes
- Adolescents experience hormonal, emotional, and social changes; a strong support system helps them navigate these transitions smoothly.
- Encourages expression of thoughts and concerns, preventing feelings of isolation.
5. Ensures Awareness of Health Issues
- Helps in discussing important health topics such as puberty, reproductive health, and emotional well-being.
- Parents can detect early signs of health problems and guide children to seek medical help when needed.
6. Builds a Safe and Supportive Environment
- A communicative family environment prevents adolescents from engaging in harmful behaviors like substance abuse or unhealthy relationships.
- Strengthens the ability to cope with challenges and uncertainties in life.
Encouraging open, honest, and respectful conversations ensures that adolescents grow into healthy, confident, and responsible individuals.
Q. 9. Give at least two reasons of substance abuse by adolescents.
(a) ……………………………………………………………………
(b) ……………………………………………………………………
Answer:-
Substance abuse among adolescents can be influenced by several factors. Here are two key reasons:
1. Peer Pressure and Social Influence
- Adolescents often feel the need to fit in or be accepted by their peers, leading them to experiment with drugs, alcohol, or other substances.
- Fear of rejection or the desire to be perceived as “cool” can make them more vulnerable to harmful habits.
2. Stress and Emotional Challenges
- Academic pressure, family issues, or emotional struggles can lead adolescents to use substances as a coping mechanism.
- Some may turn to drugs or alcohol as an escape from anxiety, depression, or personal difficulties.
Preventing substance abuse requires proper guidance, awareness, and a supportive environment to help adolescents make safe and healthy choices.
Q. 10. Why is it necessary to discard the myth that ‘women are the weaker sex’? Give three reasons.
(a) ……………………………………………………………………
(b) ……………………………………………………………………
(c) ……………………………………………………………………
Answer:-
Discarding the myth that “women are the weaker sex” is essential for ensuring equality and recognizing the contributions of women in all spheres of life. Here are three key reasons:
1. Biological Strength and Resilience
- Women exhibit physical endurance and resilience, particularly in childbirth and recovery.
- Scientific studies show that women generally have stronger immune systems, which helps in longevity and resistance to diseases.
2. Intellectual and Leadership Capabilities
- Women have excelled in academics, science, politics, and leadership, proving that intelligence and decision-making are not limited by gender.
- Historical and modern examples show that women have led nations, conducted groundbreaking research, and transformed industries.
3. Contribution to Society and Economy
- Women play a crucial role in economic development, participating in business, governance, and innovation.
- They also serve as pillars in families, education, healthcare, and social movements, influencing positive change worldwide.
Dispelling this myth is necessary to promote equal opportunities, respect, and recognition for women across all areas of life.
Q. 11. In dealing with the following challenging situations whom should adolescents approach and why?
(a) bullying
(b) discrimination by grandmother
(c) sexual abuse
Answer:-
Adolescents should seek guidance from trusted individuals when facing challenging situations to ensure their safety, emotional well-being, and proper resolution. Here’s whom they should approach and why:
(a) Bullying
Whom to Approach:
- Parents or guardians – They provide emotional support and can help address the issue effectively.
- Teachers or school authorities – They can take action against bullies and create a safer school environment.
- Counselors – They help adolescents cope with the psychological effects of bullying.
Why:
- Bullying can lead to anxiety, low self-esteem, and academic struggles. Seeking help ensures a solution and prevents long-term emotional harm.
(b) Discrimination by Grandmother
Whom to Approach:
- Parents or elders in the family – They can intervene and educate family members about fairness and respect.
- School counselors or mentors – They provide advice on handling discrimination wisely.
- Social awareness groups – They help in understanding rights and advocating for fairness.
Why:
- Discrimination, whether based on gender, caste, or social status, can negatively impact self-worth. Seeking guidance encourages respectful communication and conflict resolution.
(c) Sexual Abuse
Whom to Approach:
- Parents or trusted family members – Immediate help ensures safety and emotional support.
- Teachers or school counselors – They guide adolescents on legal and protective measures.
- Helplines or authorities (police, child protection services) – They ensure legal action and protection.
Why:
- Sexual abuse is a serious crime, and reporting it ensures that the victim receives legal protection, medical care, and psychological support. Silence can lead to severe trauma, so seeking help is critical.
Encouraging open communication and seeking support from trustworthy people helps adolescents navigate these difficult situations effectively and ensures their well-being.
Q. 12. “Growing up with confidence is not a myth.“ Explain”
Answer:-
Growing up with confidence is not a myth but a realistic goal that can be achieved through self-awareness, encouragement, and positive life experiences. Here’s how:
1. Development of Self-Belief
- Confidence is built when individuals recognize their strengths, abilities, and achievements.
- Encouragement from parents, teachers, and peers helps boost self-esteem.
2. Overcoming Challenges
- Facing and overcoming obstacles develops resilience and courage.
- Learning from mistakes instead of fearing failure enhances self-trust.
3. Supportive Environment
- A positive and nurturing social environment promotes self-worth.
- Emotional security from family, friends, and mentors plays a crucial role.
4. Skill Development and Growth
- Engaging in education, sports, and creative activities strengthens self-confidence.
- Acquiring new skills and achieving goals fosters a sense of accomplishment.
5. Positive Mindset and Self-Expression
- Having a growth mindset enables individuals to adapt and improve.
- Expressing thoughts, emotions, and opinions confidently leads to self-assurance.
Through consistent efforts, encouragement, and life experiences, confidence is developed, proving that growing up with confidence is not a myth but a reality.
Q. 13. Write a paragraph in your own words why “growth” is necessary for all living beings including humans.
Answer:-
Growth is essential for all living beings, including humans, as it ensures survival, adaptation, and progress. In the biological sense, growth allows organisms to develop stronger structures, acquire necessary skills, and reach maturity. For plants and animals, growth ensures they fulfill their roles in the ecosystem, whether as food sources, predators, or contributors to environmental balance. In humans, physical growth supports proper functioning of organs and systems, while intellectual and emotional growth helps individuals navigate life challenges, build relationships, and contribute to society. Without growth, living beings would remain stagnant, unable to evolve or thrive in changing environments. Thus, growth—both physical and personal—is fundamental for existence, improvement, and the fulfillment of life’s potential.
Q. 14. What is depression. Give three symptoms.
Answer:-
Depression and Its Symptoms
Depression is a mental health condition that causes persistent feelings of sadness and a loss of interest in activities. It affects thoughts, emotions, and daily life, making it difficult for individuals to function normally.
Three Symptoms of Depression:
- Continuous Sadness or Low Mood – The person feels unhappy, hopeless, or emotionally drained for long periods.
- Loss of Interest in Daily Activities – Activities that were once enjoyable, such as hobbies or social interactions, no longer bring excitement or motivation.
- Fatigue and Lack of Energy – Feeling tired all the time, even without engaging in strenuous tasks, and struggling to concentrate or complete routine work.
Understanding depression and its symptoms helps in recognizing and addressing mental health challenges early. If someone experiences these symptoms, they should seek guidance from a trusted person or a professional for support.
Q. 15. Explain the difference between drug abuse and use with the help of examples.
Answer:-
Difference Between Drug Use and Drug Abuse
Drug use refers to the responsible and legal consumption of medications for medical purposes, while drug abuse refers to the misuse or excessive consumption of drugs, often leading to harmful effects.
| Aspect | Drug Use | Drug Abuse |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Used for medical treatment or health benefits | Taken in excessive amounts for pleasure or addiction |
| Legality | Prescribed by doctors and legally available | Often illegal or misused beyond medical advice |
| Effects on Health | Helps in recovery and maintaining health | Leads to addiction, organ damage, and mental health issues |
| Examples | Taking paracetamol for fever as per doctor’s advice | Consuming painkillers or sleeping pills excessively without prescription |
| Impact on Life | Supports well-being and recovery | Affects personal life, education, and relationships |
Key Takeaway:
Using drugs responsibly for medical purposes is beneficial, but abusing them leads to serious health and social problems. Adolescents must be aware of the risks and avoid substance abuse to lead a healthy life.