NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science Geography Contemporary India Chapter – 6 Poplution
Q. 1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the population in
(a) the area of departure
(b) the area of arrival
(c) both the area of departure and arrival
(d) none of the above
Answer:-
The correct answer is (c) Both the area of departure and arrival 🌍📊.
🔹 Explanation:
✔️ Migration affects both the source (departure) and destination (arrival) regions by changing:
- Number of people: Population decreases in source regions but increases in destination regions.
- Distribution of people: Movement alters density and settlement patterns in both regions.
- Composition of population: Age, gender, and workforce structure change as young adults often migrate for jobs.
📚 Example:
- Rural-to-urban migration leads to population decline in villages and growth in cities.
- International migration changes demographics in both home and host countries.
(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates
(b) high life expectancies
(c) high death rates
(d) more married couples
Answer:-
The correct answer is (a) High Birth Rates 👶📈.
🔹 Explanation:
✔️ A large proportion of children in a population occurs when a country has high birth rates, meaning more babies are born each year.
✔️ In countries with high fertility rates, the population structure shows a broad base in the age pyramid, indicating a larger young population.
✔️ Developing nations often have higher birth rates due to early marriages, lack of family planning, and cultural preferences for larger families.
📚 Example:
- In India, rural areas tend to have higher birth rates compared to urban areas, leading to a greater proportion of children in the population.
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) the total population of an area
(b) the number of persons added each year
(c) the rate at which the population increases
(d) the number of females per thousand males
Answer:-
The correct answer is (b) The number of persons added each year 📈👥.
🔹 Explanation:
✔️ Magnitude of population growth refers to the absolute increase in population in a given year.
✔️ It is measured by the total number of people added to a population annually, irrespective of percentage growth rates.
✔️ It helps understand the actual increase in population, which is crucial for planning resources, infrastructure, and development policies.
📚 Example:
- If India’s population increases by 10 million in a year, that is its magnitude of population growth, regardless of whether the percentage growth is high or low.
(iv) According to the Census, a “literate” person is one who
(a) can read and write his/her name
(b) can read and write any language
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) knows the 3 ‘R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic)
Answer:-
The correct answer is (c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding 📖👦.
🔹 Explanation:
✔️ According to the Census of India, a person is considered literate if they are 7 years or older and can read and write in any language with understanding.
✔️ Understanding is an important criterion, meaning literacy is more than just recognizing letters—it requires the ability to comprehend written content.
✔️ Numeracy (arithmetic skills) is not a mandatory factor in determining literacy.
📚 Example:
- A child who can read and write sentences meaningfully in Hindi, English, or any regional language is counted as literate.
- Simply knowing how to write one’s own name does not qualify as literacy.
Q. 2. Answer the following questions briefly.
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
(ii) Discuss the major components of population growth.
(iii) Define age structure, death rate and birth rate.
(iv) How is migration a determinant factor of population change?
Answer:-
🔹 (i) Why is the Rate of Population Growth in India Declining Since 1981?
✔️ Since 1981, India’s population growth rate has gradually declined due to:
- Improved education & awareness 📖
- Better family planning & government policies 🏥
- Urbanization & changing social attitudes 🏙️
- Rising employment opportunities for women 👩💼
🔹 (ii) Major Components of Population Growth
Population growth depends on three main factors:
1️⃣ Birth Rate: Number of live births per 1,000 people in a year 👶
2️⃣ Death Rate: Number of deaths per 1,000 people in a year ⚰️
3️⃣ Migration: Movement of people into or out of a region 🏠🚶
🔹 (iii) Definitions:
✔️ Age Structure: The proportion of different age groups in a population (children, adults, elderly).
✔️ Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year in a population.
✔️ Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1,000 individuals per year in a population.
🔹 (iv) How is Migration a Determinant Factor of Population Change?
✔️ Migration affects both the area of departure and the area of arrival.
✔️ It can increase population in cities while decreasing it in villages.
✔️ Influences the economy, labor force, social structure, and urbanization.
📚 Conclusion: These concepts are essential to understanding India’s population trends, economic development, and social changes! 🌍✨
Q. 3. Distinguish between population growth and population change.
Answer:-
✨ Distinguishing Between Population Growth & Population Change 🌍📊
| 📈 Population Growth | 🔄 Population Change |
|---|---|
| Refers to the increase in population size over a period of time. | Refers to any variation in the size, composition, or distribution of population. |
| Measured mainly by birth rate and death rate. | Includes birth rate, death rate, and migration. |
| Usually expressed as a percentage increase per year. | Involves changes due to factors like urbanization, migration, and demographic shifts. |
| Example: India’s population grew from 1.03 billion in 2001 to 1.21 billion in 2011. | Example: Movement of people from villages to cities, changing urban population density. |
📚 Conclusion:
Population growth is only about increase in numbers, while population change covers shifts in size, age structure, migration patterns, and settlement distribution. 🌍✨
Q. 4. What is the relation between occupational structure and development?
Answer:-
✨ Relation Between Occupational Structure & Development 🌍💼
🔹 What is Occupational Structure?
✔️ Occupational structure refers to the distribution of a population among different types of economic activities—primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
✔️ The type of occupations people engage in reflects the economic development of a country.
🔹 Connection Between Occupational Structure & Development:
1️⃣ Dominance of Primary Sector → Less Developed Economy 🚜
- In agricultural-based economies, a large portion of the population is engaged in farming, fishing, and forestry.
- Example: Rural India has more people in agriculture, indicating a developing economy.
2️⃣ Growth of Secondary Sector → Industrialization 🏭
- Development leads to a shift towards manufacturing and industries.
- More factories, construction, and industrial jobs emerge, improving infrastructure and economy.
- Example: China’s rapid industrialization increased secondary sector jobs.
3️⃣ Expansion of Tertiary Sector → Highly Developed Economy 📈
- In developed countries, most people work in services (education, healthcare, IT, finance, tourism).
- Advanced economies rely on technology & skilled services rather than agriculture.
- Example: USA, UK, Japan have a high percentage of workers in the service sector.
📚 Conclusion:
✔️ As a country develops, its occupational structure shifts from agriculture (primary) → industries (secondary) → services (tertiary).
✔️ More skilled and professional jobs emerge, boosting economic growth and living standards.
Q. 5. What are the advantages of having a healthy population?
Answer:-
✨ Advantages of Having a Healthy Population 🌍🏥
A healthy population plays a crucial role in the development and progress of a country. Here are the key benefits:
🔹 Economic Growth & Productivity 💰📈
✔️ Healthy individuals can work efficiently, leading to higher productivity and economic progress.
✔️ Reduces healthcare costs, allowing governments to invest in education, infrastructure, and innovation.
🔹 Improved Quality of Life & Longevity 👨👩👧👦🌿
✔️ Healthy people enjoy longer, happier lives, contributing positively to society.
✔️ Leads to higher life expectancy, ensuring a balanced population structure.
🔹 Strong Workforce & National Development 🚜🏭
✔️ A healthier workforce supports industrial and agricultural growth.
✔️ Ensures better job performance, innovation, and social stability.
🔹 Better Educational Outcomes 📚🎓
✔️ Healthy children can learn better, leading to higher literacy rates and skilled professionals.
✔️ Reduces school dropout rates caused by illnesses.
🔹 Social Stability & Reduced Healthcare Burden 🏥⚕️
✔️ Lower instances of diseases and malnutrition reduce dependency on hospitals.
✔️ Creates a socially and economically balanced society with fewer health crises.
📚 Conclusion:
✔️ A healthy population leads to a strong economy, better education, higher productivity, and overall national progress. 🌍✨
Q. 6. What are the significant features of the National Population Policy 2000?
Answer:-
✨ Significant Features of the National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 🌍📜
The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 was introduced to address population stabilization, improve maternal and child health, and promote family welfare in India. Here are its key features:
🔹 Objectives & Goals:
✔️ Reducing Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to below 30 per 1,000 live births 👶
✔️ Reducing Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to below 100 per 100,000 live births 🏥
✔️ Achieving universal immunization for children 💉
✔️ Providing access to contraception & reproductive healthcare 🌿
✔️ Promoting delayed marriage & age-appropriate pregnancy 👩⚕️
✔️ Ensuring 100% registration of births, deaths, marriages & pregnancies 📋
🔹 Major Strategies & Initiatives:
✔️ Free & compulsory education up to 14 years of age 📚
✔️ Expanding health infrastructure for maternal & child health services 🏥
✔️ Encouraging small families through awareness programs 🏡
✔️ Strengthening family planning services & accessibility of contraceptives 🌿
✔️ Empowering women through education & workforce participation 👩🎓
📚 Conclusion:
The NPP 2000 plays a crucial role in ensuring sustainable population growth, improving healthcare accessibility, and enhancing the overall quality of life in India. 🌍✨