NCERT Class 9 Solutions of Social Science (Political Science) Democratic Politics Chapter – 1 (What is Democracy and Why Democracy?)
NCERT Solutions Class 9 Political Science (Democratic Politics) – Updated for 2025-26 📖✨
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Here are the All Questions Answers
Q. 1. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write
‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.
(a) Country A: People who do not accept the country’s official religion do not have a right to vote.
(b) Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.
(c) Country C: Ruling party has lost in the last three elections.
(d) Country D: There is no independent election commission.
Answer:-
Here’s how you can classify the countries based on the given information, ensuring clarity and correctness for a Class 9 board exam answer:
(a) Country A: Undemocratic – In a democracy, voting rights should not be restricted based on religion. Denying people the right to vote due to their beliefs goes against democratic principles.
(b) Country B: Not sure – If the same party has been winning elections for twenty years through fair elections, the country can still be democratic. However, if elections are manipulated or unfair, it would be undemocratic. The information provided doesn’t specify whether elections are free and fair.
(c) Country C: Democratic – A ruling party losing elections shows that there is fair competition, which is a key feature of democracy.
(d) Country D: Undemocratic – An independent election commission ensures free and fair elections. Without it, elections may not be conducted impartially, making the system undemocratic.
Q. 2. Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.
(a) Country P: The parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the Chief of Army.
(b) Country Q: The parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary.
(c) Country R: The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country.
(d) Country S: All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change.
Answer:-
Here’s the correct classification based on democratic principles, ensuring clarity for a Class 9 board exam answer:
(a) Country P: Undemocratic – In a democracy, the parliament should have full authority to make laws. If military approval is required, it indicates that elected representatives do not have complete control over governance.
(b) Country Q: Democratic – The separation of powers is a fundamental principle of democracy. The judiciary must remain independent from the legislature to ensure justice and fairness.
(c) Country R: Undemocratic – A sovereign country should have the right to make its own decisions, including signing treaties. If another country controls this process, the nation’s independence is compromised.
(d) Country S: Not sure – If the central bank operates independently to prevent political interference in economic matters, it may still be democratic. However, if elected representatives have no influence over major economic decisions, it raises concerns about democratic governance.
Q.3. Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?
(a) People feel free and equal in a democracy.
(b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others.
(c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people.
(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others.
Answer:-
The argument that is not a good argument in favour of democracy is:
(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others.
Reasoning:
Prosperity depends on various factors like natural resources, economic policies, infrastructure, and global trade, rather than just the type of government. While many democratic nations are prosperous, there are also non-democratic countries that have strong economies. Therefore, linking democracy directly to economic prosperity is not a fully valid argument.
Why the other arguments are strong:
- (a) People feel free and equal in a democracy → Democracy ensures fundamental rights, like freedom of speech and equality, which are essential democratic principles.
- (b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others → Democracies encourage open dialogue, debates, and peaceful resolution of disputes, making them more effective at handling conflicts.
- (c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people → In a democracy, governments are elected by the people and must answer to them, ensuring greater transparency and responsibility.
Q. 4. Each of these statements contains a democratic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement.
(a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
(b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging was reported.
(c) Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats
for women.
Answer:-
Here’s the correct classification of democratic and undemocratic elements for each statement.
(a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
- Democratic element: Laws are being passed by the parliament, which represents the will of the people in a democracy.
- Undemocratic element: If laws are passed solely because of external pressure from an international organization rather than through independent decision-making by elected representatives, it limits national sovereignty.
(b) The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging was reported.
- Democratic element: The Election Commission is ensuring free and fair elections by ordering re-polling, which is essential for democracy.
- Undemocratic element: The fact that large-scale rigging occurred in the first place indicates a flaw in the electoral process, which is against democratic principles.
(c) Women’s representation in the parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women.
- Democratic element: Women’s organisations are actively participating in democracy by demanding fair representation, which reflects freedom of expression.
- Undemocratic element: The fact that women’s representation is very low suggests gender inequality in political participation, which goes against the democratic principle of equal rights.
Q. 5. Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country?
(a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.
(b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of
the country.
(c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections.
(d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion.
Answer:-
The argument that is not a valid reason for claiming that famine is less likely in a democratic country is:
(d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion.
Reasoning:
While religious freedom is an important feature of democracy, it does not directly relate to preventing famine. The occurrence or prevention of famine is more influenced by governance, economic policies, media freedom, and political accountability rather than religious freedom.
Why the other arguments are valid:
- (a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation → In a democracy, opposition parties can pressure the government to take action against famine, making the leadership more accountable.
- (b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country → A free press ensures that food shortages and starvation are widely reported, forcing the government to respond.
- (c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections → Democratic governments aim to prevent famine because poor governance can lead to loss in elections, ensuring they take necessary action.
Q. 6. There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need. Which of these is not a democratic method?
(a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life.
(b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.
(c) Organising public meetings against government’s policies.
(d) Paying money to government officials to get water.
Answer:-
The method that is not democratic is:
(d) Paying money to government officials to get water.
Reasoning:
Bribing officials is an illegal and unethical practice that goes against democratic principles. Democracy ensures equal rights and fair access to essential resources like drinking water, and problems should be addressed through lawful and transparent means rather than corruption.
Why the other methods are democratic:
- (a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of the right to life → The legal system is an important pillar of democracy. Citizens can seek justice by filing cases, making it a democratic method.
- (b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties → Elections allow people to express their dissatisfaction. A boycott is a form of protest, and while it may not be the most effective way to bring change, it is still democratic.
- (c) Organising public meetings against government’s policies → Public meetings and protests are vital in a democracy as they allow citizens to express concerns and demand action from the government.
Q. 7. Write a response to the following arguments against democracy:
(a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore army should rule the country.
(b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.
(c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.
Answer:-
(a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore, the army should rule the country.
Response: While discipline and efficiency are important qualities, democracy ensures that the government is elected by the people and is accountable to them. The army’s primary role is to defend the country, not govern it. A democratic system allows people to participate in decision-making, whereas military rule often leads to authoritarian control, where citizens have limited rights and freedoms.
(b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.
Response: Democracy is based on the principle of equal rights, where every citizen has a voice in governance, regardless of their level of education. A government ruled by only a small group of elites may lead to decisions that do not reflect the needs of the majority. In a democracy, even if mistakes are made, there is room for discussion, debate, and correction through elections and public participation.
(c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well? The country should be ruled by religious leaders.
Response: While religious leaders may provide moral and ethical guidance, democracy ensures separation of religion and politics so that all citizens, regardless of their faith, are treated equally. A democratic government must represent people of all religions and protect their rights. If religious leaders control politics, it may lead to discrimination and bias against those who follow different beliefs.
Q.8. Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?
(a) Father to daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to.
(b) Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.
(c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.
Answer:-
(a) Father to daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family, children marry where the parents tell them to.
- Not in keeping with democracy → Democracy promotes individual freedom, including the right to make personal choices. Denying the daughter the right to express her opinion about her own marriage goes against democratic values. In a democracy, everyone should have the freedom to decide their life choices.
(b) Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.
- Not in keeping with democracy → Democracy encourages open discussion, questioning, and exchange of ideas. Students should have the right to ask questions and clarify their doubts. In a democratic setup, education thrives on interaction, and silencing students discourages learning.
(c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.
- In keeping with democracy → Democracy ensures that laws protect citizens’ rights, including fair working conditions. If the law mandates reduced working hours, employees have the right to demand that it be followed. In a democratic system, legal rights and rules must be respected by both employers and employees.
Q. 9. Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision.
(a) All the citizens of the country have right to vote. Elections are held regularly.
(b) The country took loan from international agencies. One of the
conditions for giving loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.
(c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 percent people of that country.
(d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders.
(e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about government’s policies and protests.
Answer:-
To determine whether this country is truly democratic, let’s analyze each statement carefully.
Analysis:
(a) All the citizens of the country have the right to vote. Elections are held regularly.
✔ Democratic element – Universal suffrage and regular elections are key features of democracy.
🚨 However, democracy is not just about voting; it must include fair elections, freedom of expression, and equal rights for all.
(b) The country took a loan from international agencies. One of the conditions was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.
🚨 Undemocratic element – In a democracy, policies should be decided by elected representatives based on the people’s welfare. If external agencies dictate critical decisions, it limits the country’s sovereignty and the power of the people’s government.
(c) People speak more than seven languages, but education is available only in one language, spoken by 52% of the population.
🚨 Undemocratic element – Democracy ensures equal rights for all communities. Education should be available in multiple languages, so limiting it to only one language restricts cultural and linguistic diversity.
(d) Several organizations called for peaceful protests and strikes, but the government arrested the leaders.
🚨 Undemocratic element – Freedom of speech and peaceful protest are fundamental rights in a democracy. Arresting people for expressing opposition is a sign of an authoritarian regime rather than a true democracy.
(e) The government controls radio and television, and newspapers need permission to publish news about government policies and protests.
🚨 Undemocratic element – A democratic country must have freedom of the press. If the government controls media, it limits transparency and restricts people’s ability to make informed decisions.
Final Verdict:
While the country has some democratic features (like voting rights and elections), it lacks freedom of speech, press, and fair governance. Controlling media, suppressing protests, and limiting language rights contradict democratic values. Therefore, this country cannot be considered a true democracy.
Q. 10. In 2004 a report published in USA pointed to the increasing inequalities in that country. Inequalities in income reflected in the participation of people in democracy. It also shaped their abilities to influence the decisions taken by the government. The report highlighted that:
(a) If an average Black family earns $ 100 then the income of average White family is $ 162. A White family has twelve times more wealth
than the average Black family.
(b) In a President’s election ‘nearly 9 out of 10 individuals in families with income over $ 75,000 have voted. These people are the top 20% of the population in terms of their income. On the other hand only 5 people out of 10 from families with income less than $ 15,000 have voted. They are the bottom 20% of the population in terms of their income.
(c) About 95% contribution to the political parties comes from the rich. This gives them opportunity to express their opinions and concerns, which is not available to most citizens.
(d) As poor sections participate less in politics, the government does not listen to their concerns – coming out of poverty, getting job, education, health care and housing for them. Politicians hear most regularly about the concerns of business persons and the rich.
Write an essay on ‘Democracy and Poverty’ using the information given in this report but using examples from India.
Answer:-
Democracy and Poverty
Democracy is based on the idea of equal rights and political participation for all citizens, regardless of their economic status. However, poverty often creates barriers that prevent people from fully engaging in democratic processes. The relationship between democracy and poverty can be seen in various aspects, including income inequality, political participation, and policy-making.
Income Inequality and its Impact on Democracy
Economic disparity affects political influence and decision-making. The report from the United States highlights how income inequality impacts democracy. A similar situation exists in India, where wealth disparity affects citizens’ ability to participate in governance.
For example, in India, marginalized communities and low-income groups often struggle to access basic resources such as education and healthcare, limiting their ability to engage in political discussions and influence government policies.
Political Participation and Economic Status
The report states that in the USA, wealthier individuals vote more frequently than poorer citizens. In India, this trend is evident as well. In many elections, voter turnout tends to be lower among economically disadvantaged groups due to lack of awareness, transportation issues, and daily survival struggles.
Moreover, political parties often prioritize the concerns of business owners and the wealthy because they contribute financially to campaigns. This reduces attention to critical issues like employment, education, and healthcare for the poor.
Influence on Policy-Making
The report highlights that 95% of political donations come from the wealthy, giving them a greater voice in decision-making. In India, large corporations and influential business groups often fund political campaigns. As a result, policies may favor economic elites rather than focusing on poverty reduction.
For example, despite government schemes like MNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act), there is still widespread poverty due to inefficient implementation and lack of accountability.
Challenges Faced by the Poor in a Democracy
In a democracy, citizens have the right to protest and demand better policies. However, the report shows that when marginalized groups raise their voices, governments sometimes suppress their movements. In India, farmers and laborers have organized protests demanding fair wages and better conditions. Yet, their concerns are not always addressed promptly, reflecting how poverty limits political influence.
Conclusion
While democracy aims to provide equal rights to all, poverty remains a major obstacle to political participation and decision-making. To ensure true democracy, governments must work towards reducing income inequality, improving education and healthcare access, and empowering the poor to participate fully in political processes. A strong democracy is one where every citizen, regardless of wealth, has a voice in shaping the future.