NCERT Solutions Class 9 Democratic Politics Chapter – 5 Working of Institutions (2025-26)
Q. 1. If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
Answer:-
Decisions a President of India Can Make Independently 🏛️🇮🇳
✅ Correct Option: (c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses
Explanation:
📌 The President of India is the constitutional head, but decisions must align with parliamentary democracy. Here’s why:
❌ (a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister 🚫
🔹 The Prime Minister is chosen based on the majority party in Lok Sabha, not personal preference.
🔹 The President invites the leader of the majority party to form the government.
❌ (b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha 🚫
🔹 A Prime Minister cannot be dismissed if they have the support of the majority in Lok Sabha.
🔹 Only Parliament can remove the Prime Minister through a no-confidence motion.
✅ (c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both Houses 🏛️📜
🔹 The President has the power to send back a bill for reconsideration if they feel it needs modifications.
🔹 However, if Parliament passes the bill again, the President must give assent.
❌ (d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers 🚫
🔹 The Prime Minister and ruling party decide the Council of Ministers, not the President.
🔹 The President formally appoints them based on the Prime Minister’s recommendations.
Conclusion: ✅
The President’s role is largely ceremonial, but they hold some constitutional powers like sending bills for reconsideration. 🚀✨
Q.2 Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
Answer:-
Identifying the Political Executive in Government 🏛️⚖️
✅ Correct Answer: (c) Home Minister
Explanation:
🔹 Political Executives 🗳️ are elected representatives who make policy decisions and hold ministerial positions in the government.
🔹 The Home Minister is a key political executive who oversees internal security, law enforcement, and national administration. 🔥🚔
❌ Why Are Other Options Incorrect?
- (a) District Collector 📜: A civil servant, part of the bureaucracy, not the political executive.
- (b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs 🏢: A government official, advising the political executive but not making final policy decisions.
- (d) Director General of Police 🚔: The highest-ranking police officer, enforcing law but not involved in policymaking.
Conclusion: ✅
The Home Minister is a political executive, while the others are part of the bureaucracy, responsible for implementation rather than policymaking. 🚀✨
Q. 3 Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme
Court
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the
Constitution
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated
Answer:-
Identifying the False Statement About the Judiciary ⚖️🏛️
✅ Correct Answer: (a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court ❌
Explanation:
📌 Judicial Review allows courts to examine laws only if challenged, but not every law requires prior Supreme Court approval.
📌 Parliament passes laws independently, and the judiciary intervenes only if the law is unconstitutional.
✅ True Statements:
✔️ (b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution ⚖️
- The Supreme Court and High Courts have the power of Judicial Review, ensuring laws respect constitutional values.
✔️ (c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive 🏛️ - The Indian judiciary operates independently, preventing interference from the government.
✔️ (d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated 🗣️ - Fundamental Rights guarantee citizens access to justice, allowing them to file petitions if their rights are infringed.
Q. 4. Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Answer:-
Which Institution Can Change an Existing Law? 🏛️⚖️
✅ Correct Answer: (d) The Parliament
Explanation:
📜 Parliament is the supreme legislative body in India responsible for making, amending, and repealing laws.
🔹 It follows a formal process to change existing laws, including discussions, voting, and presidential assent. 🗳️✅
❌ Why Are Other Options Incorrect?
- (a) The Supreme Court ⚖️: The court can interpret laws and strike down unconstitutional laws, but cannot create or amend laws.
- (b) The President 🏛️: The President gives assent to bills passed by Parliament but cannot change laws independently.
- (c) The Prime Minister 🚀: The PM plays a key role in proposing laws, but actual changes must be made by Parliament.
Conclusion: ✅
Only Parliament has the power to amend existing laws, ensuring democratic decision-making. 🚀✨
Q. 5. Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released:
| (a) A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country. | I. Ministry of Defence |
| (b) Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas. | II. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution |
| (c) The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down. | III. Ministry of Health |
| (d) A pulse polio campaign will be launched. | IV. Ministry of Commerce and Industry |
| (e) The allowances of the soldiers posted on high altitudes will be increased, | V Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. |
Answer:-
Matching Ministries with Their Respective News Announcements 🏛️📜
| News Announcement 🗞️ | Relevant Ministry 🏛️ ✅ |
|---|---|
| (a) A new policy to increase jute exports 🌿📦 | IV. Ministry of Commerce and Industry |
| (b) Expanding telephone services in rural areas 📞🏡 | V. Ministry of Communications and Information Technology |
| (c) Reducing the price of rice & wheat in Public Distribution System 🍚📉 | II. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution |
| (d) Launching a Pulse Polio campaign 💉🚸 | III. Ministry of Health |
| (e) Increasing allowances for soldiers in high-altitude areas 🏔️🪖 | I. Ministry of Defence |
Explanation:
🔹 Ministry of Commerce and Industry regulates trade policies, including increasing exports like jute. 📦🌿
🔹 Ministry of Communications and IT works to expand telecom networks, improving rural connectivity. 📞🏡
🔹 Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Public Distribution ensures affordable food grains through subsidies. 🍚📉
🔹 Ministry of Health leads disease prevention campaigns, like Pulse Polio immunization. 💉🚸
🔹 Ministry of Defence manages military welfare, including allowances for soldiers in extreme climates. 🏔️🪖
Q. 6. Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters.
(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens
(b) Considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange
(c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake.
Answer:-
Institutions Exercising Powers on Key Matters 🏛️⚖️
| Matter | Institution Responsible ✅ |
|---|---|
| 🛣️ (a) Decision on allocation of money for infrastructure & welfare | Parliament 🏛️ |
| 📜 (b) Considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange | Legislature 📖 |
| ⚖️ (c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments | Supreme Court of India 🏆 |
| 🚑 (d) Implements the decision to provide relief for earthquake victims | Executive (Government & Bureaucracy) 🏗️ |
Explanation:
🔹 Parliament 🏛️ controls financial allocations for infrastructure development, including roads, irrigation, and welfare programs to benefit citizens.
🔹 Legislature 📖 evaluates committee recommendations before passing laws, including regulations for financial markets like the stock exchange.
🔹 Supreme Court of India ⚖️ resolves legal disputes between state governments, ensuring fair judgment and constitutional adherence.
🔹 Executive (Government & Bureaucracy) 🚑 executes relief measures for natural disasters like earthquakes, ensuring aid reaches affected people.
Q. 7. Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve lot of expenditure on election.
Answer:-
Why Is the Prime Minister Not Directly Elected? 🏛️🇮🇳
✅ Correct Answer: (a) In a Parliamentary democracy, only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
Explanation:
📌 India follows a Parliamentary system of government, where the Prime Minister is chosen from among elected Members of Parliament (MPs).
🔹 Majority Party Leadership 🗳️:
- The Prime Minister is not directly elected because they are the leader of the party that wins the majority in Lok Sabha.
- This ensures that the PM has support from Parliament and can effectively govern the country.
🔹 Collective Responsibility ⚖️:
- The government in India works on the principle of collective responsibility, meaning the entire Council of Ministers is accountable to the Lok Sabha.
- If the ruling party loses majority support, the PM and Council of Ministers must resign, ensuring checks and balances in democracy.
❌ Why Are Other Options Incorrect?
- (b) Lok Sabha can remove the PM before term expiry: True, but this is a result of the parliamentary system, not the reason for indirect election. 🔄🏛️
- (c) PM is appointed by the President: The President formally appoints the PM, but only based on majority party support, not personal preference. 🏆
- (d) Direct election would be expensive: While election costs are high, expense is not the main reason for indirect PM elections. 💰❌
Conclusion: ✅
The Prime Minister is chosen through parliamentary elections, ensuring democratic representation and stability. 🚀✨
Q. 8. Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?
Answer:-
Reaction to the Film: Can a Chief Minister Change Everything in a Day? 🎬🏛️
A film showing a hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making dramatic changes may be entertaining, but in reality, governance does not work this way. Let’s analyze the different viewpoints:
(a) Imran’s View: “This is what the country needs!” 🇮🇳✨
✅ Partially True:
🔹 A leader who takes bold decisions for the welfare of the people is always desirable.
🔹 However, real governance requires planning, laws, and institutions to ensure long-term sustainable changes, not just sudden actions.
(b) Rizwan’s View: “Personal rule without institutions is dangerous!” ⚖️🚨
✅ True:
🔹 A democracy functions based on constitutional principles and institutional processes.
🔹 One person cannot take unilateral decisions—government requires discussion, approval, and checks and balances.
🔹 If power is exercised without rules, it can lead to dictatorship, which is harmful to democracy.
(c) Shankar’s View: “This is fantasy! No minister can change everything in one day!” 🎭❌
✅ Mostly True:
🔹 Large-scale government actions, like policy implementation and infrastructure development, take time, teamwork, and legal approval.
🔹 Real governance happens through systematic planning, not overnight decisions.
🔹 Ministers work with departments, advisors, and government bodies to create lasting solutions.
Conclusion: Reality vs. Fiction 📖🎬
While films may dramatically simplify governance, in reality, leaders need time, institutions, and democratic processes to bring actual change! 🚀🏛️
Q. 9. A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Answer:-
Choosing the Best Majority in a Mock Parliament 🏛️🗳️
✅ Best Choice: A majority in the Lok Sabha
Why Choose Lok Sabha?
🔹 Power to Form Government 🏆
- The Prime Minister is elected from the majority party in Lok Sabha.
- Having a majority ensures the ability to lead the government and make key decisions.
🔹 Control Over Lawmaking 📜
- Most bills are introduced and passed in Lok Sabha first.
- A majority here helps in shaping laws and implementing policies smoothly.
🔹 Financial Control 💰
- The Lok Sabha controls the Union Budget and financial matters.
- Without Lok Sabha approval, money bills cannot be passed.
Why Not Rajya Sabha?
🔹 While Rajya Sabha plays an important role, it cannot form a government or pass financial bills independently. ⚖️
🔹 A Rajya Sabha majority helps in reviewing and refining laws, but it cannot override Lok Sabha decisions in key legislative matters. 🚫
Conclusion: ✅
To lead the government, pass laws, and control finances, it is better to have a majority in the Lok Sabha! 🚀✨
Q. 10. After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions about the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of judiciary?
(a) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.
(b) Anjaiah says that judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.
(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and
those who opposed the order.
Answer:-
Which View Correctly Explains the Judiciary’s Role? 🏛️⚖️
✅ Best Answer: (b) Anjaiah says that the judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.
Explanation:
📌 The Indian Judiciary is independent, meaning it does not act under government influence but makes decisions based on the Constitution and principles of justice.
🔹 Judicial Review Power ⚖️: The Supreme Court can uphold, modify, or strike down a government decision based on its constitutionality.
🔹 Balance of Authority 🏛️: In this case, the court did not blindly support the government but directed modifications to ensure fairness.
🔹 Protection of Rights 📜: The judiciary’s role is to uphold fundamental rights, ensuring government actions align with democratic values.
❌ Why Are Other Options Incorrect?
🔹 (a) Srinivas’ View: Just because the Supreme Court agreed with some aspects of the government’s order does not mean it lacks independence.
🔹 (c) Vijaya’s View: The judiciary does not merely mediate between opposing views—it ensures justice by applying legal principles.
Conclusion: ✅
The judiciary maintains independence by making decisions based on fairness and legality, not political preferences! 🚀✨