NCERT Solutions Class 9 Democratic Politics Chapter – 5 Democratic Rights
Q. 1. Which of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right?
(a) Workers from Bihar go to the Punjab to work on the farms
(b) Christian missions set up a chain of missionary schools
(c) Men and women government employees get the same salary
(d) Parents’ property is inherited by their children
Answer:-
Identifying the Non-Fundamental Right Instance 🏛️⚖️
✅ Correct Answer: (d) Parents’ property is inherited by their children
Explanation:
🔹 (a) Workers from Bihar go to Punjab for work 🚜✅
- This is an exercise of the Fundamental Right to Freedom of Movement and Residence (Article 19), allowing citizens to move freely across India for employment and settlement.
🔹 (b) Christian missions set up missionary schools 🏫✅
- This follows the Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-30), which grants communities the ability to manage religious institutions and impart education based on their faith.
🔹 (c) Equal salaries for men and women government employees 👩💼👨💼✅
- This is protected under the Right to Equality (Article 14-16), ensuring equal pay and equal opportunities regardless of gender.
🔹 (d) Parents’ property is inherited by children 🏡❌
- This is governed by civil laws, not fundamental rights. Inheritance laws are covered under the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, and other personal laws, but not under Part III of the Constitution.
Conclusion: ✅
Fundamental rights protect freedom, equality, and justice, but inheritance laws are based on civil regulations, not fundamental rights! 🚀✨
Q. 2. Which of the following freedoms is not available to an Indian citizen?
(a) Freedom to criticise the government
(b) Freedom to participate in armed revolution
(c) Freedom to start a movement to change the government
(d) Freedom to oppose the central values of the Constitution
Answer:-
Freedom Available to Indian Citizens 🏛️⚖️
✅ Correct Answer: (b) Freedom to participate in armed revolution 🚫🔫
Explanation:
🔹 Freedom to Criticize the Government 📢✅
- Citizens have the right to free speech and expression (Article 19), allowing them to criticize government policies openly, as long as it does not incite violence or hatred.
🔹 Freedom to Start a Movement to Change the Government 🗳️✅
- India is a democratic country, meaning citizens can peacefully protest and form political movements to demand change.
🔹 Freedom to Oppose the Central Values of the Constitution 🏛️❌
- The Constitution protects sovereignty, unity, and integrity (Article 19(2)), ensuring that actions against its core principles are restricted.
🔹 No Freedom for Armed Revolution 🚫🔫
- Indian law strictly prohibits violence or armed rebellion against the state, as it threatens national security.
- Peaceful democratic processes are the only way to bring change in governance.
Conclusion: ✅
India guarantees freedom of expression, but armed revolution is strictly prohibited in a democracy! 🚀✨
Q. 3. Which of the following rights is available under the Indian Constitution?
(a) Right to work
(b) Right to adequate livelihood
(c) Right to protect one’s culture
(d) Right to privacy
Answer:-
Identifying the Right Available Under the Indian Constitution 🏛️⚖️
✅ Correct Answer: (c) Right to protect one’s culture
Explanation:
🔹 Right to Protect One’s Culture 🏛️🎭✅
- This is safeguarded under Article 29 & 30 of the Indian Constitution.
- It ensures that minorities have the right to preserve their distinct language, script, and culture.
- Citizens can freely practice and promote their heritage without fear of discrimination.
❌ Why Are Other Options Incorrect?
🔹 (a) Right to Work 🏗️🚫
- The Indian Constitution does not provide an absolute Right to Work.
- However, Article 41 (Directive Principles) encourages the State to secure the right to work, especially for those in need.
🔹 (b) Right to Adequate Livelihood 💰🚫
- There is no fundamental right to adequate livelihood, but Article 39 (Directive Principles) directs the government to ensure economic justice.
🔹 (d) Right to Privacy 🔒✅
- Previously not explicit, but in 2017, the Supreme Court ruled that Right to Privacy is a Fundamental Right under Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty).
Conclusion: ✅
The Right to Protect One’s Culture is a Fundamental Right, ensuring cultural preservation and inclusivity in India. 🚀✨
Q. 4. Name the Fundamental Right under which each of the following rights falls:
(a) Freedom to propagate one’s religion
(b) Right to life
(c) Abolition of untouchability
(d) Ban on bonded labour
Answer:-
Fundamental Rights & Their Categories 🏛️⚖️
| Right | Fundamental Right Under Which It Falls ✅ |
|---|---|
| 🛐 (a) Freedom to propagate one’s religion | Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28) |
| ❤️ (b) Right to Life | Right to Life & Personal Liberty (Article 21) |
| 🚫 (c) Abolition of Untouchability | Right to Equality (Article 17) |
| 🔗 (d) Ban on Bonded Labour | Right Against Exploitation (Article 23-24) |
Explanation:
🔹 Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28) 🛐 ensures every citizen can freely practice, profess, and propagate their faith.
🔹 Right to Life & Personal Liberty (Article 21) ❤️ guarantees every individual the basic dignity of life, including safety and well-being.
🔹 Right to Equality (Article 17) 🚫 abolishes untouchability, ensuring equal treatment of all citizens.
🔹 Right Against Exploitation (Article 23-24) 🔗 prohibits bonded labor, preventing forced and unfair employment practices.
Conclusion: ✅
These Fundamental Rights protect freedom, dignity, and justice in India, ensuring an equal and fair society. 🚀✨
Q. 5. Which of these statements about the relationship between democracy and rights is more valid? Give reasons for your preference.
(a) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.
(b) Every country that gives rights to its citizens is a democracy.
(c) Giving rights is good, but it is not necessary for a democracy.
Answer:-
Most Valid Statement About Democracy & Rights 🏛️⚖️
✅ Correct Choice: (a) Every country that is a democracy gives rights to its citizens.
Explanation:
📌 Democracy is built on fundamental rights, ensuring citizens have freedom, equality, and justice in governance.
🔹 Rights Protect Democratic Values 🏛️
- A true democracy guarantees rights such as freedom of speech, equality, and protection under the law.
- Without these rights, people cannot express opinions, participate in governance, or hold leaders accountable.
🔹 Real-World Examples 🌎
- Countries like India & the USA protect fundamental rights as part of their democratic framework.
- In contrast, authoritarian governments may grant some rights but restrict free expression and political choice, making them non-democratic.
❌ Why Are Other Statements Incorrect?
🔸 (b) Every country that gives rights is a democracy ❌
- Some non-democratic regimes may offer certain rights (e.g., economic benefits) but restrict political freedoms (e.g., one-party rule, censorship).
- Example: China grants economic rights but limits political dissent, making it not fully democratic.
🔸 (c) Giving rights is good, but it is not necessary for a democracy ❌
- Democracy cannot function without citizen rights. Without freedom to vote, speak, or assemble, democracy loses its essence.
Conclusion: ✅
Rights are the backbone of democracy 🏛️, ensuring free expression, fair governance, and equal treatment! 🚀✨
Q. 6. Are these restrictions on the right to freedom justified? Give reasons for your answer.
(a) Indian citizens need permission to visit some border areas of the country for reasons of security.
(b) Outsiders are not allowed to buy property in some areas to protect the interest of the local population.
(c) The government bans the publication of a book that can go against the ruling party in the next elections.
Answer:-
Justification of Restrictions on the Right to Freedom 🏛️⚖️
📌 Fundamental Rights allow freedom, but reasonable restrictions are necessary to maintain security, harmony, and fairness in society. Let’s analyze each case:
(a) Restricting Travel to Border Areas for Security 🚧🛂
✅ Justified
🔹 National security is a priority—border areas are sensitive and may pose risks due to conflicts or military operations.
🔹 Citizens need special permissions to prevent unauthorized access and protect strategic defense zones.
🔹 Article 19 (Freedom of Movement) allows free movement, but reasonable restrictions can be imposed for security concerns.
(b) Restricting Outsiders from Buying Property to Protect Locals 🏡⚖️
✅ Justified (in certain cases)
🔹 Some regions, like Himachal Pradesh & Northeast states, restrict land ownership to safeguard the cultural and economic rights of local communities.
🔹 Article 19(5) allows such restrictions to protect the interests of economically disadvantaged communities.
🔹 However, excessive restrictions should be avoided to balance development and local welfare.
(c) Banning a Book Opposing the Ruling Party 📖🚫
❌ Not Justified
🔹 Freedom of Speech & Expression (Article 19(1)(a)) guarantees citizens the right to criticize government actions.
🔹 Political censorship weakens democracy, preventing free debate & discussion.
🔹 A book should only be banned if it incites violence, hate speech, or communal disharmony, not merely because it criticizes the government.
Conclusion: ✅
🔹 Restrictions must be reasonable, ensuring security, cultural protection, and democratic fairness.
🔹 Security-based and local protection rules are valid, but political censorship violates constitutional rights. 🚀✨
Q. 7. Manoj went to a college to apply for admission into an MBA course. The clerk refused to take his application and said “You, the son of a sweeper, wish to be a manager! Has anyone done this job in your community? Go to the municipality office and apply for a sweeper’s position”. Which of Manoj’s fundamental rights are being violated in this instance? Spell these out in a letter from Manoj to the district collector.
Answer:-
Letter to the District Collector on Violation of Fundamental Rights 🏛️⚖️
From: Manoj
To: The District Collector
Subject: Complaint Regarding Violation of Fundamental Rights
Respected District Collector,
I am writing to bring to your attention a serious violation of my Fundamental Rights that I recently faced while applying for admission into an MBA course.
When I submitted my application at the college, the clerk refused to accept it and made discriminatory remarks against me, stating that someone from my community should only apply for a sweeper’s job instead of aspiring for a managerial position. This incident is deeply unjust and unconstitutional.
Rights Violated:
✅ Right to Equality (Article 14-16) 🚫⚖️
- No citizen should be discriminated against based on caste, community, or profession.
- Denying admission on these grounds violates my right to equal opportunity.
✅ Right to Freedom (Article 19) 🗣️
- Every citizen has the right to pursue education and career of their choice.
- Restricting me based on my background is an unlawful restriction on my freedom.
✅ Abolition of Untouchability (Article 17) ❌
- Caste-based discrimination is strictly prohibited in India.
- The college staff’s remarks reflect an unacceptable practice of social exclusion.
Action Requested:
🔹 Immediate action against the concerned clerk to prevent such discrimination in educational institutions. 🚔
🔹 Ensuring strict enforcement of anti-discrimination policies in colleges and workplaces. 🏛️
🔹 Awareness programs to educate people about equality and constitutional rights. 📢
I urge you to intervene and uphold justice so that no student is denied an opportunity based on their background.
I appreciate your prompt attention to this matter and look forward to your support in protecting the dignity and rights of every citizen.
Sincerely,
Manoj
Q. 8. When Madhurima went to the property registration office, the Registrar told her, “You can’t write your name as Madhurima Banerjee d/o A. K. Banerjee. You are married, so you must give your husband’s name. Your husband’s surname is Rao. So your name should be changed to Madhurima Rao.” She did not agree. She said “If my husband’s name has not changed after marriage, why should mine?”
In your opinion who is right in this dispute? And why?
Answer:-
Who Is Right in the Dispute Over Name Change? 🏛️⚖️
✅ Correct Answer: Madhurima is right! 🚀
Explanation:
📌 Marriage does not legally require a surname change, and every individual has the right to keep their original name, regardless of marital status.
🔹 Right to Identity (Article 21 – Right to Life & Personal Liberty) 🏛️
- Every citizen has the freedom to retain their name, as it is a part of their personal identity.
- Just as her husband’s surname remains unchanged after marriage, she has the right to retain hers.
🔹 Right to Equality (Article 14) ⚖️
- No law mandates that a woman must change her surname after marriage.
- Forcing Madhurima to change her name violates gender equality and promotes discriminatory practices.
🔹 Freedom of Choice in Legal Documentation 📜
- Madhurima has the right to register her property, passport, and legal documents with her preferred name.
- Many women choose to keep their maiden names, while some adopt their spouse’s surname—but it must be their decision, not imposed by an official.
Conclusion: ✅
The Registrar’s demand is legally incorrect, as name change after marriage is a choice, not an obligation! 🚀✨
Q. 9. Thousands of tribals and other forest dwellers gathered at Piparia in Hoshangabad district in Madhya Pradesh to protest against their proposed displacement from the Satpura National Park, Bori Wildlife Sanctuary and Panchmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary. They argue that such a displacement is an attack on their livelihood and beliefs. Government claims that their displacement is essential for the development of the area and for protection of wildlife. Write a petition on behalf of the forest dwellers to the NHRC, a response from the government and a report of the NHRC on this matter.
Answer:-
Petition to NHRC by Forest Dwellers 🏛️📜
To: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
Subject: Protection of Tribal Livelihood & Rights in Satpura Region
Respected Chairperson,
We, the tribal and forest-dwelling communities of Satpura National Park, Bori Wildlife Sanctuary, and Panchmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary, write to express our deep distress over the government’s proposed displacement from our ancestral lands.
Concerns Raised:
✅ Violation of Right to Livelihood (Article 21) – Our traditional ways of life depend on these forests. Forced eviction would result in loss of income, homes, and cultural heritage.
✅ Attack on Indigenous Identity – Our beliefs and customs are deeply connected to nature. Removal from our land destroys our cultural roots.
✅ Failure to Provide Alternative Rehabilitation – No clear rehabilitation plan or land guarantees have been provided, risking homelessness and poverty.
Request for NHRC Intervention:
🔹 Prevent unjust displacement & protect tribal rights in accordance with the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
🔹 Ensure alternative livelihood programs & fair rehabilitation policies before any relocation.
🔹 Recognize our role in environmental conservation as we have coexisted with wildlife for generations.
We request your urgent intervention to safeguard our rights and provide justice.
Sincerely,
The Tribal & Forest-Dwelling Communities
Government’s Response 🏛️📝
The government acknowledges the concerns raised by the tribal communities and emphasizes that:
✅ Wildlife conservation efforts require restricted human activities to protect endangered species. 🦜🐅
✅ Development plans include eco-tourism, infrastructure, and better forest management, benefiting the region’s biodiversity. 🌱🏗️
✅ Rehabilitation programs will be initiated, ensuring housing, employment, and financial aid for displaced families.
Government’s Stand:
🔹 While displacement is necessary for conservation, steps will be taken to minimize its impact on affected communities.
🔹 Further discussions will be held with tribal representatives to create a fair relocation process.
NHRC Report on the Issue 📢📜
After reviewing the petition and the government’s response, the NHRC concludes the following:
✅ Tribal rights must be protected under the Forest Rights Act, 2006, ensuring justice and fair treatment.
✅ Forced displacement without proper rehabilitation violates human rights and must be reconsidered.
✅ Alternative solutions such as community-led conservation and eco-tourism must be explored, allowing forest dwellers to participate in preservation efforts.
NHRC Recommendations:
🔹 The government must halt displacement until a comprehensive rehabilitation plan is in place.
🔹 Dialogue between officials and tribals should be conducted to find solutions that balance conservation and human rights.
🔹 NHRC will monitor the situation to ensure fair policies are implemented.
Q. 10. Draw a web interconnecting different rights discussed in this chapter. For example right to freedom of movement is connected to the freedom of occupation. One reason for this is that freedom of movement enables a person to go to place of work within one’s village or city or to another village, city or state. Similarly this right can be used for pilgrimage, connected with freedom to follow one’s religion. Draw a circle for each right and mark arrows that show connection between or among different rights. For each arrow, give an example that shows the linkage.
Answer:-
Interconnection of Fundamental Rights – Conceptual Web 🏛️⚖️
Since I can’t draw directly, I’ll describe how you can create an interconnected web of Fundamental Rights with clear linkages and examples:
Step-by-Step Guide to Drawing the Web:
1️⃣ Start by Drawing Circles for Each Fundamental Right ✍️⚪
- Right to Equality ⚖️
- Right to Freedom 🗣️
- Right Against Exploitation 🚫
- Right to Freedom of Religion 🛐
- Cultural & Educational Rights 📚
- Right to Constitutional Remedies 🏛️
2️⃣ Draw Arrows Connecting Related Rights ➡️🔄
- 📌 Right to Freedom of Movement 🚶 connects to Right to Freedom of Occupation 🛠️
- Example: A person moves to another state for better job opportunities.
- 📌 Right to Freedom of Movement 🚶 connects to Right to Freedom of Religion 🛐
- Example: A citizen travels for a pilgrimage to religious sites.
- 📌 Right to Equality ⚖️ connects to Right Against Exploitation 🚫
- Example: Prohibiting untouchability ensures equal rights for all citizens.
- 📌 Right Against Exploitation 🚫 connects to Right to Constitutional Remedies 🏛️
- Example: A child forced into labor can approach the courts for justice.
- 📌 Cultural & Educational Rights 📚 connects to Right to Freedom of Religion 🛐
- Example: Minority groups establish institutions to preserve their heritage.
3️⃣ Label Each Connection with a Real-Life Example 📌✨
Final Touch:
✅ Use different colors to highlight each right 🟠🔵🟢.
✅ Bold key terms for easy understanding.
✅ Ensure all arrows show logical connections.
Conclusion: ✅
This interconnected web of Fundamental Rights shows how different freedoms enhance each other, ensuring justice, equality, and dignity in society! 🚀✨